Which term specifically refers to a violation on the runway?

• A. CMAV
• B. Runway Incursion
• C. Apron Violation
• D. Taxiway Violation

Answer: (B)

Runway incursion is the term used for any unauthorized presence on a runway by an aircraft, vehicle, or person, or any situation that intrudes onto the active runway surface and creates a collision risk. It specifically covers entering or crossing a runway without clearance or while another aircraft is using it, making it the precise label for violations on the runway.

Apron violations occur in the ramp area near gates, not on the runway. Taxiway violations happen on taxiways, which connect the ramp to the runway, but again are not on the runway itself. CMAV isn’t the standard term used for a runway-specific violation, so the correct term for this scenario remains runway incursion.